Everything about The Jack Pine totally explained
The
Jack Pine (
Pinus banksiana) is a
North American
pine with its native range in
Canada east of the
Rocky Mountains from
Northwest Territories to
Nova Scotia, and the northeast of the
United States from
Minnesota to
Maine, with the southernmost part of the range just into northwest
Indiana. In the far west of its range, it hybridizes readily with the closely related
Lodgepole Pine (
P. contorta).
It isn't a large
tree, ranging from 9-22 m (30–72 ft) in height. Some Jack Pines are shrub-sized. This pine often forms pure stands on sandy or rocky soil. It is fire-adapted to stand-replacing fires, with the cones remaining closed for many years, until a natural forest fire kills the mature trees and opens the cones. These then reseed the burnt ground.
The
leaves are in fascicles of two, needle-like, twisted, slightly yellowish-green, and 2-4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long. The
cones are 3-5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) long, the scales with a small, fragile prickle that usually wears off before maturity, leaving the cones smooth. Unusually for a pine, the cones normally point forward along the branch, sometimes curling around it. Unopened cones are smooth and
serotinous - the scales opening in fire or intense heat.
Kirtland's Warbler (
Dendroica kirtlandii), an
endangered bird, depends on pure stands of young Jack Pine in a very limited area in the north of the
Lower Peninsula of
Michigan for breeding.
The Jack Pine has a long list of minor alternative names, including Eastern Jack Pine, Gray Pine, Black Pine and Scrub Pine; the last more commonly refers to
Virginia Pine (
P. virginiana), and Gray Pine to
P. sabineana. The Canadian French name is
Pin gris or (incorrectly)
Cyprès.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Jack Pine'.
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